L ocalization of functions in Psychology is a theo Essays

L ocalization of functions in Psychology is a theo Essays L ocalization of functions in Psychology is a theory that refers to the idea that different parts of the brain are responsible for specific behaviors, or that certain functions arelocalizedto certain areas in the brain. A study done by Robert Health (1950) clearly explained the theory of localization in which he tested the localization for pleasure. Another study demonstrated by James Olds (1950) in which he investigated the effect of stimulating the nucleus accumbens for rats. Robert health's aim from his study was to investigate the role of the nucleus accumbens (pleasure center of the brain).To do this, he used depressed patients . Depression is a great way to investigate this study as it is a common mental disorder that causes people to experience depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure . The participants had electrodes attached to their head so that when they press the button it would electrically stimulates their nucleus accumbens and they would receive pleasure. The results indicated that over three hour session ,one participant known as b19 stimulated himself 1500 times. He experienced extreme euphoria and elation to a point where he had to be disconnected. A very similar study was conducted by James Olds but in his case, his aim was to understand the effect of activating the nucleus accumbens on rats. Olds began his procedure by having rats press on a lever in which it electrically stimulated their nucleus accumbens . The results indicated that rats were willing to walk across electrified grids to reach the pleasure lever and they were even willing to cross the electric rid and they preferred the stimulation over water and drinks. In conclusion, Robert health and James Old demonstrated localization of brain function since they found that pleasure is localizing nucleus accumbence . Although Health experimented his study on humans where as Olds experimented it on rats but they both were able to come up with the same conclusion. Evolutionis the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations (species) over successive generation.Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation , including the levels of species and i ndividual organisms and it mainly relies on the process of natural selection which basically means that organisms with the best characteristics and are adapted to their environment can pass down their genes to their offspring where as the ones that are not well adapted do not pass their genes to their offspring. Over time this results in significant changes in species. A behavior that can be explained by evolution is attraction. There are evolutionary explanation on why we find some people attractive and based on evolutionary benefits which yield for better offspring. This essay is going to discuss the theory of attraction with reference to Wedekind experiment that was conducted in 1995 Weekind's aim for his experiment was to investigate the role of genes (MHC) r elated to immune system in mate selection . MHC genes have a really huge benefits on the immune system as it helps it to identify foreign substances in the body and by having a huge amount of MHC this can lead for a better identification for harmful substances so by having a diverse MHC this can lead for a better immune system for the child therefore humans must have envolve system that can recognize potential mate s with different MHC genes,so t hey can reproduce together offspring with stronger immune systems. For this experiment they used 49 women and 44 men with a wide range of MHC genes. Each man received a clean T shirt and was asked to wear it for 2 nights, as each man was given odour free soup/aftershave and were asked to ensure they remain odour neutral (in order to induce the stronger body odour ) and they were forbidden to eat spicy food. After th e men returned the t shirts, each t shirt was placed in a plastic lined cardboard box with the sniffing hole on top. The women were returned to the study when they were in the middle of the cycle because of their smell was the strongest at that point and they received set of 7 boxes in which 3 of the